The first symphonies were produced during the Classical period. Another is the creation and development of complex pieces of solo instrumental works (e.g., the fugue).
Nonetheless, a universal characteristic of classical music written since the late 13th century is the invariable appliance of a standardized system of precise mensural notation (which evolved into modern bar notation after 1600) for all compositions and their accurate performance. Given the wide range of styles in European classical music, from Medieval plainchant sung by monks to Classical and Romantic symphonies for orchestra from the 1700s and 1800s to avant-garde atonal compositions from the 1900s, it is difficult to list characteristics that can be attributed to all works of that type. 6 Relationship to other music traditions.1.2 Instrumentation and vocal practices.In contrast to most popular styles that adopted the song ( strophic) form or a derivation of this form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the symphony, concerto, fugue, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera, cantata, and mass. It includes both sacred (religious) and secular music. Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches and durations for a piece of music. Catholic monks developed the first forms of modern European musical notation in order to standardize liturgy throughout the worldwide Church. One distinguishing feature of Western classical music is its use of staff notation, in use since about the 11th century. The earliest reference to "classical music" recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is from about 1829. The term "classical music" did not appear until the early 19th century, in an attempt to distinctly canonize the period from Johann Sebastian Bach to Ludwig van Beethoven as a golden age. These periods and their dates are all approximate generalizations and represent gradual stylistic shifts that varied in intensity and prominence throughout the Western world. Originated in Western Europe during the Middle Ages, it is classified into eras: the Medieval (500–1400), Renaissance (1400–1600), Baroque (1600–1750), Classical (1750–1820), Romantic (1800–1910), Modernist (1890–1975) and Postmodern/ Contemporary (1950–present) eras. In a more general sense, the term may also refer to music evidencing similar formal qualities in non-Western cultures. String quartet performing for the Mozart Year 2006 in ViennaĬlassical music is a term that most commonly refers to the formal musical tradition of the Western world, considered to be distinct from Western folk music or popular music traditions.
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